International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

This review critically examines the objectives, implementation mechanisms, and impacts of these schemes, highlighting both their successes and challenges. The findings are interpreted following the various critical studies, articles and reviews concerning the schemes as the methodology. Evidence suggests these initiatives have significantly boosted milk production, improved disease surveillance, created employment opportunities, and fostered entrepreneurship, particularly among youth and women. Schemes like NLM and RGM have enhanced genetic resources and indigenous breed conservation, while disease control programs have reduced outbreak frequencies. Financial support schemes, such as the Pashu Kisan Credit Card and Stand-Up India, have enabled farmers to access credit and scale their enterprises.

However, the adoption of these schemes is hindered by challenges such as low awareness, limited outreach, administrative bottlenecks, and regional disparities. The livestock insurance scheme, in particular, suffers from low uptake due to complex procedures and inadequate compensation. Despite these issues, centrally sponsored schemes remain a cornerstone of India's strategy to modernize its livestock sector, alleviate poverty, and ensure food and nutritional security. This review underscores the need for improved policy execution, streamlined processes, enhanced farmer education, and robust monitoring systems to fully realize the potential of these schemes and create a resilient, inclusive, and sustainable animal husbandry sector in India.