International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

author(s)
Rahul Kumar Dahariya and Hulas Pathak

abstract
The study examines the processing and marketing of natural honey in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh, focusing on cost–return analysis, marketing channels, and constraints faced by producers and processors. Data was collected from honey processing units, forest honey collectors, beekeepers, Van Dhan Vikas Kendras (VDVKs), and institutions such as the Kanan Pendari Honey Processing Unit and NWFP Mart, supported by secondary sales and procurement records from 2024–25. A total of 13,040.04 kg of raw honey was collected, of which 11,240.04 kg was processed, with a 9% processing loss. Sales generated Rs 2,508,345 at Mart rates and Rs 4,302,645 at MRP, resulting in a net return of Rs 1,794,300 and a B:C ratio of 1:0.71, indicating moderate profitability. Seasonal peaks were observed in April (sales) and October (processing). Cost–revenue analysis for 1g and 1000 g packs highlighted economies of scale, with the 1000 g pack yielding significantly higher returns. The marketing system was found to be diverse, involving direct sales, cooperatives, government-supported outlets, retailers, and emerging online platforms. Despite institutional support, challenges such as weak branding, unorganized marketing, price fluctuations and limited market access persist. Garret Ranking analysis identified major constraints in honey processing, including frequent bursting of vacuum and water pumps, difficulty in extracting honey from tall tree hives, shortage of skilled collectors, seasonal raw material availability, and lack of standardization in moisture and purity. Market competition and unorganized collection practices also hinder efficiency. The study recommends strengthening processing infrastructure, improving technical training, enhancing cooperative and digital marketing, and adopting standardized quality practices to boost profitability and support sustainable honey-based livelihoods in the region.