International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

author(s)
Harkal AD, Solanki SN, Deshmukh PC, Ramteke RT and Munde PA

abstract
Self-propelled multipurpose machines have become an important mechanization option for smallholder agriculture, offering planting, interculturing, spraying, and harvesting on a compact and fuel-efficient platform. This review consolidates ergonomic, energy, and field performance aspects of a 9 hp Self-Propelled Multipurpose Machine and compares them with global research trends. Studies consistently show that hand–arm vibration, heart rate response, BPDS, and ODR are influenced significantly by hand grip, forward speed, and machine-induced vibration. Field evaluation reports indicate that planting uniformity, weeding efficiency, and soybean harvesting performance of such machines match the results published for precision planters, rotary weeders, and mini-reapers. Energy analysis further shows substantial reduction in CO? emissions compared to tractor-operated equipment. This merged review highlights that low-horsepower self-propelled platforms offer high ergonomic safety, improved energy efficiency, and sustainable operation for small farms.