International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

The Chi-square test of independence was employed to analyze the data. The findings reveal a statistically significant association between a farm woman's involvement in decision-making and her size of landholding (?2=11.51), social participation (?2=10.05), and scientific orientation (?2=11.12). Conversely, factors such as age, education, family type, family size, family education status, area under pulses, annual income, information-seeking behavior, use of social media, and self-confidence showed no significant association. These results underscore that while a woman's individual and familial characteristics may not directly influence her decision-making power, her access to productive resources (land) and her engagement in social and scientific networks are critical for her empowerment. The study’s findings provide a robust basis for policymakers to design targeted interventions that focus on enhancing women's access to land and promoting their participation in community groups and scientific training.