International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

author(s)
AK Chaturvedani and Mahesh Chander

abstract
Extension services are essential for improving agriculture and income in India, especially in states like Chhattisgarh. Institutions like KVKs and ATMA provide innovations and support to farmers. However, few farmers access these services, showing limited outreach. This study examined the extension services utilization pattern of farmers engaged with KVKs and ATMA in Chhattisgarh to inform more inclusive strategies. Research was carried out in three agro-climatic zones—Bastar Plateau, Northern Hills, and Chhattisgarh Plains—selecting one district per zone. A total of 240 beneficiary farmers were selected for the study, including 120 from KVK and 120 from ATMA, with 40 farmers chosen from each of the three districts in Chhattisgarh, using a multistage sampling technique. An ex-post facto design with a semi-structured interview schedule guided data collection, which was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show most respondents were young to middle-aged males, primarily Hindus from OBC communities. Education levels ranged from primary to high school, and farming was their main occupation, often supported by animal husbandry. Most lived in nuclear families with moderate education and income, residing in kuccha or mixed houses. The findings stress the importance of designing extension approaches that address this socio-demographic diversity to improve service reach and impact.