International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

author(s)
Victor Sarkar, S Chakraborty, BC Rudra, R Roy, B Maity, K Pradhan, P Bhowmik, PK Pal and S Sarkar

abstract
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Malda, implemented Cluster Front Line Demonstration (CFLD) programs focusing on the black gram variety PU-31, IPU-0243, & VBN-9 in the villages of Balupur and Rukundipur during the Kharif seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019, under the National Food Security Mission of the Government of India. This initiative involved conducting 50 demonstrations across a total area of 20 hectares, with active participation from both farmers and KVK scientific staff. The marked increase in black gram yields from these demonstrations is largely attributed to the application of improved agricultural technologies. Key practices included the use of yellow vein mosaic (YVM) resistant varieties, seed treatment with bio-fertilizers, adherence to recommended seed rates, appropriate fertilizer application, and the implementation of effective plant protection measures. The study revealed a technology gap between potential yields and actual yields observed in the demonstrations. For the Kharif seasons from 2020 to 2022, the technology gap was noted to be 1.4, 3.0, and 3.3 quintals per hectare (q/ha) respectively. Concurrently, an extension gap of 3.5, 3.2, and 2.3 q/ha was recorded over the same period. The findings indicated that the highest innovation index was 9.09% during Kharif 2020, with a lower value of 21.43% observed in Kharif 2022, reflecting variations in farmer engagement and technology adoption over the years. The economic assessment further emphasized the CFLD's impact, as demonstrated by the benefit-cost ratios for the demonstration plots: 4.6 in 2020, rising to 5.4 in 2021, and reaching 6.1 in 2022. These figures underscore the economic viability of the demonstrated practices, showcasing the potential for increased profitability through enhanced agricultural methods. Overall, this study evaluates the effectiveness of the CFLD program on black gram cultivation and its socio-economic benefits for farmers in the Malda district. While black gram (Vigna mungo) is recognized for its nutritional value as a significant pulse crop, farmers in this area encounter various challenges, including suboptimal cultivation practices, inferior seed quality, and insufficient technical knowledge. The CFLD initiative aims to address these issues by demonstrating advanced agricultural techniques and facilitating access to improved seed varieties and inputs. Data collected from participating farmers highlighted significant improvements in technical skills, leading to better management practices and increased productivity. As a result, farmers reported substantial increases in black gram production, contributing to enhanced food security and elevated income levels.