International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

The investigation, conducted during the winters of 2022-23 and 2023-24, introduced cold-tolerant vegetable species, including Swiss chard, Chinese cabbage, pakchoi, and kale, grown under refined low-cost structures such as low tunnels made from thick fiber wires and UV-stabilized polyethylene films. Black polyethylene mulch was used to conserve soil moisture and regulate temperature. Demonstration trials across multiple farmer fields showcased significant success, with Swiss chard yielding 5.89 kg/m² and Chinese cabbage 5.20 kg/m² during peak winter months. The first harvest was achieved within 29 days of transplanting, extending the growing season and ensuring consistent yields.

This study marks a first-of-its-kind approach in Ladakh, demonstrating that low-cost technologies can be a viable alternative to high-tech greenhouses for winter vegetable production. The findings highlight the economic and agricultural potential of utilizing low-cost structures to enhance food security and improve livelihoods in the region, making winter vegetable cultivation accessible to smallholder farmers.