International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

author(s)
Radhwan Abd Baqer and Hassan AbdulKareem Qaseim

abstract
This study attempted to figure out the impact of varying sodium chloride concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM) in the Murashige and Skoog nutritional medium on callus growth and the response of tomato plants. The findings indicated that low salt concentrations (50 mM) promoted callus growth relative to the control, whereas elevated salt concentrations resulted in a marked reduction in both the fresh and dry weight of the callus. The study found that proline content increased gradually with increasing salt stress, reflecting its role in enhancing cellular salt tolerance. Conversely, carbohydrate content showed a significant increase at higher concentrations, indicating a metabolic response associated with stress resistance. Electrolyte leakage levels gradually increased with rising salinity, -indicating damage to cell membrane integrity. These results confirm that salt stress inhibits cell growth and induces a range of physiological mechanisms aimed at mitigating the effects of high salinity.