International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

author(s)
C Ritu and Mercykutty MJ

abstract
Millets have regained significance as climate-resilient and nutritionally superior crops capable of strengthening food and livelihood security, especially among smallholders and tribal communities. In India, these grains continue to hold ecological and cultural importance across rainfed regions. Attappadi, a major tribal block in Kerala inhabited by the Irula, Kurumba and Muduga communities, has traditionally relied on millet-based farming systems deeply rooted in Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK). Millet cultivation has declined in recent decades due to environmental, socio-economic and institutional pressures. This study examines the millet value chain dynamics, documents the role of institutional actors, and identifies SWOC of the value chain in Attappadi. The results show that cultivation remains largely subsistence-oriented, with production shaped by climatic variability, wildlife intrusion and infrastructural gaps. Institutional actors such as Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) and Kudumbashree microenterprises have emerged as central players in processing and value addition. Despite the fragmented nature of the value chain, growing consumer demand and improved institutional support present opportunities for upgrading. Revitalising millet cultivation could significantly improve livelihood resilience, food security, women’s empowerment and cultural preservation in Attappadi.