International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

author(s)
Y Rathod, Basavaraj I Halingali, Kiran Kumar R Patil, Satish Y and Ashok M

abstract
The study was conducted to identify and analyse the major factors influencing the shift in bovine composition in Karnataka. Over the years, the state has witnessed a significant transformation in its livestock structure, characterized by a decline in indigenous cattle and buffaloes and an increase in crossbred cattle. This change has been largely driven by economic, biological, infrastructural, and institutional factors. Primary data were collected from 160 dairy farmers across Belgaum and Mysore districts. Using Garrett’s Ranking Technique, 19 factors governing the transition in bovine composition were ranked according to their level of influence. The results revealed that profitability was the most dominant factor motivating farmers to adopt crossbred cattle, followed by the high cost of feed and fodder and scarcity of labour. Constraints such as lack of green fodder, mechanization of agriculture, and non-availability of grazing land further limited the maintenance of indigenous breeds. Moderate influence was observed for factors like early reproductive ability, input responsiveness, and favourable government schemes, while institutional and infrastructural factors such as access to finance and veterinary services were found to have lesser impact. The least influential factors were related to awareness and adaptability, indicating limited influence of extension and training efforts. The study concludes that economic and resource-based factors are the primary drivers of transformation in bovine population dynamics. Therefore, policies should emphasize improving profitability, reducing input costs, and ensuring sustainable feed and fodder availability, while simultaneously conserving indigenous breeds to maintain genetic diversity and long-term sustainability.