International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

author(s)
Kalpana Rathore, Najiya Kaushar and Om Prakash Rathore

abstract
This review investigates the dual impact of school climate and online educational resources on the learning outcomes of secondary school students in chemistry. With the increasing integration of technology in education and evolving pedagogical practices, the interplay between a supportive school environment and access to digital learning tools has become more crucial than ever. The paper explores how positive school climates characterized by safe peer interactions, strong teacher-student relationships, and administrative support enhance student engagement, motivation, and performance in chemistry. Additionally, the study evaluates the effectiveness of various online educational resources, such as simulations, videos, and learning management systems (LMS), in strengthening conceptual understanding and practical skills in the subject. Drawing on national and international studies, particularly from the Indian context, this review highlights the synergistic potential of blending technology with a conducive learning atmosphere. The paper concludes with evidence-based recommendations for educators and policymakers to bridge infrastructural gaps, strengthen teacher training, and ensure equitable access to technology for all learners.