International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

author(s)
Srikanthnaik J

abstract
The accelerating pace of agricultural mechanization in India has significantly transformed farming operations, enhancing productivity and efficiency. However, this transition has also led to a surge in farm machinery-related accidents, raising serious concerns about the safety and well-being of the agricultural workforce. This comprehensive review critically examines the prevalence, patterns, and causes of such accidents across different regions of India. It presents an in-depth analysis of the contributing factors—including mechanical flaws in farm equipment, insufficient operator training, lack of awareness, and unsafe working environments. The paper explores the socio-demographic profiles of those most affected, identifying small and marginal farmers, women, and youth as particularly vulnerable to machinery-related injuries and fatalities. The consequences of these accidents are far-reaching, extending beyond physical harm to include substantial economic losses, psychological distress, and long-term impacts on rural livelihoods and household income stability. In evaluating India's existing safety frameworks and agricultural policies, the study highlights significant gaps in enforcement, awareness dissemination, and inclusivity in policy implementation. It also critiques the limited accessibility of safety features in low-cost machinery frequently used by smallholder farmers. To address these challenges, the paper draws upon international examples of successful safety interventions and regulatory frameworks from countries with advanced mechanized farming systems. By synthesizing national and global insights, the paper offers a set of actionable recommendations aimed at strengthening farm machinery safety in India. These include the development of context-specific safety guidelines, enhanced training programs, integration of safety standards into farm equipment design, and the creation of inclusive policies that prioritize the protection of all categories of agricultural workers. Ultimately, the review calls for a paradigm shift in India’s mechanization agenda one that balances technological advancement with human safety and social equity.