International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

author(s)
Amisha Singh, Lokenath Dash and Avishek Chatterjee

abstract
Second only to rice as the primary crop for human nourishment, wheat is a significant cereal. The main abiotic stresses that cause significant cellular damage in plant species, including crop plants, are heat, drought, cold, and salinity. These together can cause a significant loss in productivity of wheat. As the predicted increase in global temperature is supposed to jeopardize production, wheat improvement towards heat stress-resilience has gained pivotal importance. Heat stress has a severe negative impact on wheat throughout both the vegetative and reproductive stages; the latter is referred to as terminal heat stress. The creation of wheat genotypes with increased heat tolerance through the fusion of various methods requires rapid attention. Screening of existing genotypes and understanding the variability in these genotypes are the initial task for the breeders to develop heat tolerant wheat. The screening process is made more challenging by the quantitative complexity of heat stress tolerance and environment-sensitive morphological features. So, physico-biochemical approach is more reliable to achieve heat tolerance in wheat. To determine how different physiological characteristics affect heat tolerance, such as better photosynthetic rates, staying green, chlorophyll content (Chl), chlorophyll fluorescence (CFL), membrane thermostability, etc., can be researched. The physiological breeding technique tries to combine features related to all yield determinants to have a genetic effect on production that is cumulative. This review goes into great detail about characteristics for which there is plausible evidence of being heat adaptable.