International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

author(s)
Sahely Kanthal, Suprabuddha Kundu and Avishek Chatterjee

abstract
As global concerns regarding the scarcity of water and the need for food security continue to intensify, there will be an increasing demand for micro-irrigation to fulfil the growing requirements of food production. Micro-irrigation presents numerous advantages when compared to conventional irrigation methods. These advantages encompass the precise application of limited water amounts directly to the root zone of crops, the integration of fertigation, a decrease in weed and pest issues, and reduced capital and operational expenses. Over the past few decades, the adoption of micro-irrigation has expanded significantly. This expansion can be attributed mainly to cost reductions, enhancements in filtration and emitter technology, and the growing trust of growers in this technology. Ongoing research breakthroughs and technological enhancements have expanded the applicability of micro-irrigation to a wider range of uses, crop systems, and water quality conditions. The cost and availability of water also play pivotal roles in driving this shift. Promising developments in research, such as nano- and biofiltration techniques, soil moisture sensors, and precision irrigation, hold great potential for advancing micro-irrigation further. Nonetheless, several technological challenges remain, especially in the context of non-row or non-orchard crops and in regions where water quality is significantly compromised. Addressing these challenges necessitates innovation in these areas and the dissemination of this technology to small-scale farmers in water-scarce regions who have traditionally relied on surface irrigation.