International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

author(s)
Harsh D Patel, Dr. Ashish B. Mahera, Divyang M Prajapati and Dr. RS Pundir

abstract
This study examines India’s trade competitiveness in concentrated and sweetened milk and cream (HS 0402), along with global and national trade factors such as patterns, growth, instability, and competitiveness. Secondary data on export values (in USD) for Indian milk powder products, categorized by the 6-digit Harmonized System (HS), was collected from 2001 to 2022. The analysis employed the Linear Growth Model, Instability Index, and Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC). Key findings highlight growth, market share, instability, and competitiveness in the trade of concentrated and sweetened milk and cream, specifically for 'Skimmed Milk Powder (HS 040210)', 'Whole Milk Powder - Unsweetened (HS 040221)', and 'Whole Milk Powder - Sweetened (HS 040229)'.