International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

author(s)
Noone Sai Ram, PK Mandal and S Kasthuri

abstract
Rumen content is abundantly available at slaughterhouses. It is seen as a slaughter waste creating environmental pollution. Animal feed accounts for up to 70% of the overall cost of production. So feeding is typically the main factor restricting the production of cattle in underdeveloped nations. In recent years, there has been a significant surge in the utilization of ruminal content for creating various formulations and presentations in animal feed production. This includes both direct incorporation of ruminal content and its processing to generate commercial products. The rumen content is one of the uncommon components and is easily accessible at slaughterhouses. Furthermore, it is a good source of protein and energy (feed and microbial protein), vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin B complex. The nutritional value of rumen contents differ mostly due to the radically varied compositions of rumen contents from various species of ruminants. There are numerous ways to increase the nutritional value of rumen content viz, incorporating blood meal, poultry manure, molasses, urea, enzymes, and fermented feeds like silage. The composition of rumen material may be based on the diet of animals. It is an affordable source of protein and energy while lowering feed costs and pollution. Some researchers have also concluded that animals' feed might include rumen contents without having a deleterious impact on diet that is acceptable and has no negative consequences on performance. The main object of this review article is to draw attention towards the nutritional value of ruminal content and its potential as an animal feed. Here in this review article, we have discussed about various methods for utilization of slaughter house origin ruminal content viz, ensiling of ruminal content, Ruminal content has found a diverse range of applications in various sectors. It is employed as a bio activator for fermenting goat manure to produce fertilizer. Additionally, spray-dried rumen fluid (SDR) serves as a valuable feed additive. Sun-dried bovine rumen content (SDRC) is utilized as an ingredient in rations for white leghorn layers. Furthermore, ruminal content contributes to biogas generation and bioenergy production. It also serves as a fertilizer for soybean and corn crops. In research settings, it can replace inoculum from cannulated cattle for feed evaluation. Moreover, ruminal content is employed as an organic fertilizer for pot cultivation of vegetables and serves as animal feed for various species including poultry, fish, rabbits, quail, swine, sheep, and ducks.